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Windows 2000 is an operating system for use on both client and server computers. Developed by Microsoft, it was released to manufacturing on December 15, 1999〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Microsoft Releases Windows 2000 to Manufacturing )〕 and launched to retail on February 17, 2000. It is the successor to Windows NT 4.0, and is the last version of Microsoft Windows to display the "Windows NT" designation. It is succeeded by Windows XP (released in October 2001) and Windows Server 2003 (released in April 2003). During development, Windows 2000 was known as Windows NT 5.0. Four editions of Windows 2000 were released: ''Professional'', ''Server'', ''Advanced Server'', and ''Datacenter Server''; the latter was both released to manufacturing and launched months after the other editions. While each edition of Windows 2000 was targeted at a different market, they shared a core set of features, including many system utilities such as the Microsoft Management Console and standard system administration applications. Support for people with disabilities was improved over Windows NT 4.0 with a number of new assistive technologies,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Windows 2000 Professional Accessibility Resources )〕 and Microsoft increased support for different languages〔(Microsoft Support KB 292264: List of Languages Supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 ).〕 and locale information.〔(Windows 2000 List of Locale IDs and Language Groups ).〕 All versions of the operating system support NTFS 3.0, Encrypting File System, as well as basic and dynamic disk storage.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Disk Management: Microsoft Technet )〕 The Windows 2000 Server family has additional features,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Windows 2000 Server Family )〕 including the ability to provide Active Directory services (a hierarchical framework of resources), Distributed File System (a file system that supports sharing of files) and fault-redundant storage volumes. Windows 2000 can be installed through either a manual or unattended installation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Windows 2000 Unattended Setup Guide )〕 Unattended installations rely on the use of answer files to fill in installation information, and can be performed through a bootable CD using Microsoft Systems Management Server, by the System Preparation Tool.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Automating Windows 2000 Installations with Sysprep )〕 Microsoft marketed Windows 2000 as the most secure Windows version ever at the time; however, it became the target of a number of high-profile virus attacks such as Code Red and Nimda.〔(Code Red/Nimda Worm Activity as seen at Archvillain.com )〕 For ten years after its release, it continued to receive patches for security vulnerabilities nearly every month until reaching the end of its lifecycle on July 13, 2010.〔 ==History== Windows 2000 is a continuation of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems, replacing Windows NT 4.0. The original name for the operating system was Windows NT 5.0. Beta 1 of NT 5.0 was released in September 1997, followed by Beta 2 in August 1998.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Road to Gold: A Look at the Development of Windows 2000 )〕 On October 27, 1998, Microsoft announced that the name of the final version of the operating system would be Windows 2000, a name which referred to its projected release date. Windows 2000 Beta 3 was released in January 1999.〔 NT 5.0 Beta 1 was similar to NT 4.0, including a very similar themed logo. NT 5.0 Beta 2 introduced a new 'mini' boot screen, and removed the 'dark space' theme in the logo. The NT 5.0 betas had very long startup and shutdown sounds, though these were changed in the early Windows 2000 beta, but during Beta 3, a new piano-made startup and shutdown sounds were made, featured in the final version as well as for Windows ME. The new login prompt from the final version made its first appearance in Beta 3 build 1946 (the first build of Beta 3). The new, updated icons (for ''My Computer'', ''Recycle Bin'' etc.) first appeared in Beta 3 build 1976. The Windows 2000 boot screen in the final version first appeared in Beta 3 build 1994. Windows 2000 did not have a codename because, according to Dave Thompson of Windows NT team, "Jim Allchin didn't like codenames". Windows 2000 Service Pack 1 was codenamed "Asteroid" and Windows 2000 64-bit was codenamed "Janus." During development, there was a build for the Alpha which was abandoned some time after RC1 after Compaq announced they had dropped support for Windows NT on Alpha. From here, Microsoft issued three release candidates between July and November 1999, and finally released the operating system to partners on December 12, 1999.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Windows 2000 history )〕 The public could buy the full version of Windows 2000 on February 17, 2000. Three days before this event, which Microsoft advertised as "a standard in reliability," a leaked memo from Microsoft reported on by Mary Jo Foley revealed that Windows 2000 had "over 63,000 potential known defects." After Foley's article was published, she claimed that Microsoft blacklisted her for a considerable time. However, Abraham Silberschatz et al. claim in their computer science textbook that "Windows 2000 was the most reliable, stable operating system Microsoft had ever shipped to that point. Much of this reliability came from maturity in the source code, extensive stress testing of the system, and automatic detection of many serious errors in drivers."〔John Wiley & Sons (2010). Operating System Concepts with Java, 8th Edition, page 901. 〕 ''InformationWeek'' summarized the release "our tests show the successor to NT 4.0 is everything we hoped it would be. Of course, it isn't perfect either."〔(InformationWeek ), December 28, 1999, "Special Report"〕 ''Wired News'' later described the results of the February launch as "lackluster."〔(Wired News ), November 2000, "The Truth, The Whole Truth, and Nothing But The Truth"〕 Novell criticized Microsoft's Active Directory, the new directory service architecture, as less scalable or reliable than its own Novell Directory Services (NDS) alternative. Windows 2000 was first planned to replace both Windows 98 and Windows NT 4.0. However, this changed later. Instead, an updated version of Windows 98 called Windows 98 Second Edition was released in 1999. On or shortly before February 12, 2004, "portions of the Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0 source code were illegally made available on the Internet." The source of the leak remains unannounced. Microsoft issued the following statement: ''"Microsoft source code is both copyrighted and protected as a trade secret. As such, it is illegal to post it, make it available to others, download it or use it."'' Despite the warnings, the archive containing the leaked code spread widely on the file-sharing networks. On February 16, 2004, an exploit "allegedly discovered by an individual studying the leaked source code"〔 for certain versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer was reported. Microsoft planned to release a 64-bit version of Windows 2000, which would run on 64-bit Intel Itanium microprocessors, in 2000. However, the first officially-released 64-bit editions of Windows were ''Windows Datacenter Server Limited Edition'' and later ''Windows Advanced Server Limited Edition'', which were based on the pre-release Windows Server 2003 (then known as ''Windows .NET Server'') codebase. These editions were released in 2002, were shortly available through the OEM channel and then were superseded by the final versions of Windows Server 2003. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Windows 2000」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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